There are several factors that influence what might be considered the minimum, desired, and what might be described as a generous level of on-site parking for any new residential development.

Extensive research funded by TfL (Transport for London), has demonstrated a number of relationships (many of which may not be surprising):-

1. Car ownership levels increase as access to public transport decreases
2. Car ownership in outer London is higher than in the centre of London (even when comparing areas of inner and outer London with the same level of access to public transport)
3. Car ownership levels amongst house-purchasers in new developments is higher than for other house purchasers
4. Type of dwelling, the number of bedrooms, and the type and number occupants influence the number of parking spaces that are required
5. House purchasers buy houses that provide the level of parking they require
6. Availability of parking encourages car ownership
7. Car ownership encourages more car journeys (as driver) to be made.
8. Car journeys (as driver) can occur at any time and appears not to be influenced by peak travel times.

The general thrust of the research suggests that:

• If we build houses with parking spaces then people that need parking spaces buy the houses  
• Car owners make car journeys, and are not put off by peak travel periods
• If we want to discourage car use then restrict the access to parking spaces; and provide other transport options

Parking considerations for new developments

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